Circ and Vax links information

[Fellow Traveler]

http://www.sciencenews.org/view/gene...of_adult_males

Male circumcision and the use of condoms have shown little protection against HPV infection, Monsonego says.

[*Peanut*]

United Nations Programme on AIDS:

1.1 Male circumcision should now be recognized as an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention.
1.2 Promoting male circumcision should be recognized as an additional, important strategy for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men.

http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/20...dations_en.pdf

Male circumcision involves the surgical removal of the foreskin, the tissue covering the head of the penis. Previous research shows that removing the foreskin is associated with a variety of health benefits including lower rates of urinary tract infections in male infants who are circumcised and reduced risk of certain inflammations and health problems associated with the foreskin.

Scientists say male circumcision probably reduces the risk of HIV infection because it removes tissue in the foreskin that is particularly vulnerable to the virus, and because the area under the foreskin is easily scratched or torn during sex. “Uncircumcised men may also be more vulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases, which in turn increase the risk of contracting HIV, because the region under the foreskin provides a moist, dark place in which germs can thrive,” said UNAIDS Chief Scientific Adviser, Dr Catherine Hankins.

http://www.unaids.org:80/en/Resource...20070228MCpt2/

The Centers for Disease Control:
Accordingly, male circumcision, together with other prevention interventions, could play an important role in HIV prevention in settings similar to those of the clinical trials.

Lack of male circumcision has also been associated with sexually transmitted genital ulcer disease and chlamydia, infant urinary tract infections, penile cancer, and cervical cancer in female partners of uncircumcised men. The latter two conditions are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Transmission of this virus is also associated with lack of male circumcision.

http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/fac...rcumcision.pdf

World Health Organization:

There is compelling evidence that male circumcision reduces the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men by approximately 60%.

National Institutes of Health:

Adult circumcision can significantly reduce the risk of becoming infected with the viruses that cause genital herpes and genital warts.

Circumcision also reduced the prevalence of high-risk HPV infections that are associated with certain cancers. "This new research confirms the substantial health benefits of male circumcision, including reduced acquisition of HIV, genital herpes, HPV and genital ulcer disease," says NIAID's Dr. Thomas C. Quinn, a co-author of the study.

http://www.nih.gov/researchmatters/a...9infection.htm

American Cancer Society:

The 2 main factors influencing the risk of genital HPV infection in men are circumcision and the number of sexual partners. Men who are circumcised (have had the foreskin of the penis removed) have a lower chance of becoming and staying infected with HPV. Men who have not been circumcised are more likely to be infected with HPV and pass it on to their partners.

http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/PenileC...cer-prevention

Canadian Urological Association Journal:

(Listed Reasons to Circ.)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2422990/

Study: Circumcision Doesn't Reduce Sexual Sensation:

Now, in a Canadian study appearing in the most recent issue of the Journal of Sexual Medicine, researchers found that the glans, or head of the penis, is just as sensitive on a circumcised man as on an uncircumcised one.

But both Payne and Reinisch criticized the Van Howe's study [that claimed circumcised men were less sensitive], which was funded by the anti-circumcision group the National Organization of Circumcision Information Research Centers, as biased.

....She also pointed to the fact that men in the Van Howe's study were not aroused at the time of measurement as a possible source for the difference.

http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Sex/sto...3436936&page=1

Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Sexual Function in Circumcised Males:

Adult male circumcision was not associated with sexual dysfunction. Circumcised men reported increased penile sensitivity and enhanced ease of reaching orgasm.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18761593

I am pretty sure none of these are ****** sites.

[Fellow Traveler]

AVERT (International HIV group):

http://www.avert.org/circumcision-hiv.htm
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UNAIDS and WHO recommend that: “countries with high prevalence, generalized heterosexual HIV epidemics that currently have low rates of male circumcision consider urgently scaling up access to male circumcision services.” "High prevalence" is defined as above 3 percent of the general population, which includes many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Overall, around 62 percent of African men are already circumcised, but in Southern Africa (the region worst affected by HIV) the rate is less than 20 percent. Studies have found high rates of acceptability for circumcision in a number of African communities, provided the procedure is safe, affordable and has minimal side effects or pain. Some countries were already experiencing increased demand for circumcision before the results of the trials in Kenya and Uganda were made public. With respect to other parts of the world, it is recommended that: - “In settings with lower HIV prevalence in the general population, including where HIV infection is concentrated in specific populations at higher risk of HIV exposure, such as sex workers, injecting drug users or men who have sex with men, limited public health benefit would result from promoting male circumcision in the general population.”

French National Counsel on HIV/AIDS:

http://www.cns.sante.fr/IMG/pdf/2007...rnationale.pdf
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The same measures are not applicable to the Northern countries. The recommendations of the WHO state that this strategy is aimed at countries with high prevalence, and not at countries with low prevalence or in countries where it relates specifically to one part of the population such as in France or the United States.

The Royal Australasian College of Physicians:

http://www.racp.edu.au/index.cfm?obj...6C86100E4E3E8E
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Nevertheless, 111 circumcisions would be required to prevent one UTI because of the low baseline risk of UTI, and only boys at high risk of recurrent UTI would benefit from newborn circumcision. .... A case control study of cervical cancer limited to women who only ever had one male partner, found that overall there was no association between circumcision status and cervical cancer. When the analysis was limited to men who had five or more partners and sex with prostitutes, circumcision did appear to reduce cancer risk in these women.[96] (Level 2+) ... The introduction of HPV vaccination is expected to dramatically reduce the incidence of HPV infection and cervical cancer. The role of these vaccines in decreasing risks of HPV infection is now well established.[99, 100] It has been acknowledged that effective implementation of the HPV vaccines may lead to the virtual eradication of cervical cancer. .... Circumcision provides some benefit in preventing UTI in boys, particularly in those with underlying anatomical anomalies of the urogenital tract. In low prevalence populations such as Australia and New Zealand circumcision does not provide significant protection against STIs and HIV, and is less effective than safe sex practices. - Circumcision decreases the risk of penile cancer probably by preventing phimosis. Circumcision may offer protection against development of cervical cancer in high risk populations, but is overshadowed as a protective measure by HPV vaccines. Circumcision has not been demonstrated to decrease the risks of prostate cancer.

Royal Dutch Medical Association

http://tinyurl.com/3845b4l
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There is no convincing evidence that circumcision is useful or necessary in terms of prevention or hygiene. Partly in the light of the complications which can arise during or after circumcision, circumcision is not justifiable except on medical/therapeutic grounds. Insofar as there are medical benefits, such as a possibly reduced risk of HIV infection, it is reasonable to put off circumcision until the age at which such a risk is relevant and the boy himself can decide about the intervention, or can opt for any available alternatives.

...

In recent decades, evidence has been published which apparently shows that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV/AIDS, but this evidence is contradicted by other studies. Moreover, the studies into HIV prevention were carried out in sub-Saharan Africa, where transmission mainly takes place through heterosexual contact. In the western world, HIV transmission is much more frequently the result of homosexual contact and the use of contaminated needles.

[*Peanut*]

Here is the WHO website

http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/maleci.../en/index.html

(I had a tough time adding it to my last post for some reason.)

I think parents should gather information (on both sides of the debate) from REPUTABLE websites from RELIABLE, UNBIASED sources. I'm certainly not advocating circing. I'm advocating looking at info on both sides. I would have added non circ websites in my post, but I think the other posters have a lot listed already.

[wlillie]

http://men.webmd.com/news/20090721/m...life-for-women

[raelynn]

How Male Circumcision Harms Women

[CherryPie]

Dr. Ryan McAllister, PhD (Assistant Research Professors, Physics & Oncology) presents about male circumcision in a presentation entitled "Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital"

Shared on Georgetown University's YouTube Channel:
http://youtu.be/ZSM-SkwGEf0

[Fellow Traveler]

Originally Posted by CherryPie Dr. Ryan McAllister, PhD (Assistant Research Professors, Physics & Oncology) presents about male circumcision in a presentation entitled "Child Circumcision: An Elephant in the Hospital" Shared on Georgetown University's YouTube Channel: http://youtu.be/ZSM-SkwGEf0

That was an excellent video.

[smadison]

Thanks!

[addicteddad]

That video was excellent; pretty much handles all the 'pros' to circumcision.
I especially enjoy how he exposes how illogical the pro-circ argument really is.